How to determine a complex or simple sentence. Difficult sentence

• We read the proposal in full.
• We find the basis (or the basis of the sentence). Read what it is.
• If there is only one basis in a sentence → the sentence is simple.
• If there are two (or more) stems → the sentence is complex.

Examples. The path runs the field one goes downhill, then again onto the hillock. (The basis one (What?) path (path (what does?) runs→ offer simple.

The sun is rising 1 , and along with the sunshine come to life forest glades 2 .

Basics two: in the first sentence we are talking about the sun (What?) the sun (the sun (what does?) rise). The second sentence talks about glades (What?) glades (what are glades doing?) come to life). Offer complex.

That is, determining whether the sentence before us is simple or complex lies precisely in the ability to find it in the sentence a base or several bases.

Determining the grammatical basis of a sentence

Let's start with the fact that any sentence has its semantic and grammatical center - this is its grammatical basis (subject and predicate).

The most common version of the stem is the case when the subject is expressed by the nominative case of a noun (or pronoun), and the predicate by a verb. Examples: The earth rotates around the sun . Someone is knocking in the door.

The fact is that the basis of a sentence “can be constructed” from almost any part of speech, not always from a noun and a verb. In such cases, determining the grammatical basis, and therefore whether a sentence is simple or complex, is somewhat more difficult.

The subject can be more than just a noun or pronoun. Examples:

• Happy They don't watch the clock. (Here the subject is in adjective form)
• Vacationers gathered on the veranda. (Here in participle form)
• Seven one is not expected. (Here in numeral form)
• Study - will always come in handy . (Already expressed by the infinitive form of the verb)
• In the sun Polkan with Barbos warmed up. (And even a phrase)

The predicate is also not always expressed by a verb. Examples:

Some of the ways to express a predicate

• I I want to study sports. (The predicate is a compound verb, i.e. it consists of two verbs, one of which is in the indefinite form)
• Book - this is a sorceress. (The predicate is expressed by a noun)
• My sister will be a doctor. Predicate compound nominal, i.e. its main part is expressed by a noun + connective be)

From here it becomes clear that in order to correctly determine whether the sentence before us is complex or simple, we need to practice finding the basis in a sentence and be able to quickly identify its main members.

Important! It is important to distinguish (and in no case don't mix them!) members of the proposal And parts of speech. (Parts of speech “work” in a sentence by some of the members of the sentence)

Homogeneous members of the sentence. How does this interfere?

The situation with determining the type of sentence can be complicated by homogeneous predicates in one of the simple sentences. Or even in both sentences as part of a complex one!

Compare. 1) Autumn has arrived 1, and it started to rain². 2) The winds rustled and rushed 1, And It was raining. 2

First complex sentence has two regular bases, A in the second the first offer complicated by two homogeneous predicates. In order not to make a mistake, you need to carefully look at which subject each of the predicates refers to: the winds (what did they do?) rustled and rushed. And the rains (what did they do?) poured. This means that the first two predicates relate to the stem of the first sentence, and the third - to the stem of the second sentence. And the whole proposal will be complex.

Complex sentences containing one-part sentences

Sentences in which one of them may have a basis consisting of only one member of the sentence are also difficult. You need to be especially careful with them.

Example: Autumn has come 1 , And straightaway It's getting colder. 2

The sentence is complex, it has two bases, but the second stem consists only of the predicate.

Are you familiar with the scientific name that begins with the word complex...

Words that are formed by combining two roots are called complex.

For example, rhinoceros(two roots nose- and horn-, the letter o is a connecting vowel), vacuum cleaner(roots dust- and sos-, letter e is a connecting vowel).

Sentences can also be complex. They, like words, combine several parts.

Lesson topic: “Simple and complex sentences. Unions."

Read the sentences and think about how they differ from each other?

1) The bell rang.

2) The guys entered the class.

3) The first lesson has begun.

4) The bell rang, the guys entered the classroom, and the first lesson began.

Let's find the grammatical basics.

A sentence that has one grammatical basis is a simple sentence.

1, 2 and 3 sentences simple, since in each of them one basis at a time.

4 sentence complex, consists of three simple sentences. Each part of a complex sentence has its own main members, its own basis.

A sentence in which there are two or more grammatical stems is a complex sentence. Complex sentences are made up of several simple sentences. There are as many simple sentences as there are parts in a complex sentence.

The parts of a complex sentence are not just simple parts joined together.

Having united, these parts continue, complement each other, transform different thoughts into one, more complete one. In oral speech, at the boundary of parts of a complex sentence, there is no intonation at the end of each thought.

Remember: In written speech, commas are most often placed between parts of a complex sentence.

Let's determine whether the sentence is complex or simple. First, let's find the main members (stems) of the sentences and count how many stems are in each.

1) Bird voices can already be heard at the forest edge.

2) The tits sing, the woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, thawed patches will be revealed in the fields, streams will gurgle, and rooks will come.(According to G. Skrebitsky)

1) Bird voices can already be heard at the forest edge.

2) The tits sing, the woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

Who? tits, what are they doing? chanting is the first basis.

Who? woodpecker, what is he doing? taps - the second base.

This is a complex sentence, consisting of two parts.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, the fields will be exposedthawed patches , streams will gurgle, rooks will come.

What? what will the sun do? will warm up - the first base.

The roads will turn black - the second basis.

thawed patches will be exposed - the third basis.

Streams will gurgle - the fourth basis.

Rooks will come - the fifth basis.

This is a complex sentence consisting of five parts

Read complex sentences. Observe how the parts of a complex sentence are connected?

1) Winter approaching , the cold sky often frowns.

Parts of 1 complex sentence are connected using intonation. There is a comma between parts of the sentence.

2) The sun was warm during the day , A At night frosts reached five degrees.

3) Wind quieted down , And the weather has improved.

4) Sun it was just rising , But its rays were already illuminating the treetops.

Parts 2, 3, 4 of sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions a, and, but. The conjunction is preceded by a comma.

Each of the unions does its job. A conjunction connects words, and conjunctions also help to contrast something.

When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma. If parts of a complex sentence are connected by conjunctions (and, a, but), a comma is placed before the conjunction.

The offerings of our language are very diverse. Sometimes one subject can have several predicates, or one predicate can have several subjects. Such members of a sentence are called homogeneous. Homogeneous members answer the same question and refer to the same member of the sentence. In the diagram, we will circle each homogeneous term.

What conclusion can be drawn from comparing these schemes?

The first line contains diagrams of complex sentences, and the second line contains diagrams of simple sentences with homogeneous predicates (they are shown in a circle).

In simple sentences with homogeneous members and in complex sentences between their parts, the same conjunctions are used: and, a, but.

Remember!

1. Before unions ah, but there is always a comma.

2. Union And requires special attention: connects homogeneous members - a comma is most often not used; used between parts of a complex sentence - a comma is usually needed.

Let's practice. Let's fill in the missing commas.

1) At night the dog crept up to the dacha and lay down under the terrace.

2) The people were sleeping and the dog jealously guarded them. (According to L. Andreev)

3) The pelican wandered around us, hissing and screaming, but it wouldn’t let us into our hands. (According to K. Paustovsky)

4) Spring is shining in the sky, but the forest is still covered with snow like winter. (M. Prishvin)

1) At night the dog crept up to the dacha and lay down under the terrace.

The sentence is simple, since there is one base, one subject and two predicates - the dog crept up and lay down. Union And connects homogeneous predicates, so a comma is not used.

2) People slept, and the dog jealously guarded them.

The sentence is complex, since there are two bases - people were sleeping, the dog was guarding. Union And connects parts of a complex sentence, so a comma is needed before the conjunction.

3) Pelican wandered around us, hissed, screamed, but did not give in to our hands.

The sentence is simple, since there is one base, one subject and 4 predicates - the pelican wandered, hissed, screamed, and did not give in. Before the union But there is always a comma. We place commas between homogeneous predicates.

4) Spring shines in the sky, but the forest is still covered with snow in winter.

The sentence is complex, since there are two bases - spring is shining, the forest is filled up. Before the union But there is always a comma.

Consider the schemes and decide which schemes hide complex sentences, and which ones hide simple ones with homogeneous members; Which ones need punctuation?

The first three schemes reflect the structure of a simple sentence with homogeneous main members. They are circled. In scheme 1, a comma is not needed, since homogeneous subjects are connected by a conjunction And. Schemes 2 and 3 must contain commas. 4 diagram corresponds to a complex sentence. It must also contain a comma between parts of a complex sentence.

Sentences containing words that, in order, therefore, because, - most often complex. These words usually begin a new part of a complex sentence. In such cases, they are always preceded by a comma.

Let's give examples.

We saw What The she-wolf climbed into the hole with the cubs.

What a comma is added.

All night winter knitted lace patterns, to the trees have dressed up. (K. Paustovsky)

This is a complex sentence before the word to a comma is added.

Birds know how to communicate everything with their voice , That's why They sing.

This is a complex sentence before the word That's why a comma is added.

I lovefairy tales, because in them, good always triumphs over evil.

This is a complex sentence before the word because a comma is added.

1. One afternoon, Winnie the Pooh was walking through the forest and muttering a new song to himself.

2. Winnie - Pooh got up early, in the morning he diligently did gymnastics.

3. Vinny quietly reached the sandy slope.

(B. Zakhoder)

3.

Sentence 1 corresponds to scheme 3, since it is a simple sentence with one subject (Winnie the Pooh) and two predicates (walked and grumbled).

Sentence 2 corresponds to Scheme 1, since this complex sentence has two bases (Winnie the Pooh got up, he was studying). A comma separates parts of a sentence.

Sentence 3 corresponds to scheme 2, since it is a simple sentence with one base (Vinny got there).

In the lesson you learned that a sentence in which there are two or more grammatical stems is complex offer. Parts of complex sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions a, and, but. When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma.

1. M.S. Soloveychik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Textbook. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
2. M.S. Soloveychik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. 3rd grade: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
3. T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks in the Russian language. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
4. T.V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in the Russian language for 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
5. L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
6. G.T. Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 grades. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

1. School-collection.edu.ru ().
2. Festival of pedagogical ideas "Open Lesson" ().
3. Zankov.ru ().

• Find the main members in the sentences. Which sentence of the text is complex - 1st or 2nd? What is the name of the remaining sentence?

A bird sat on the top of an alder tree and opened its beak. The feathers on the swollen throat fluttered, but I did not hear the song.

(According to V. Bianchi)

• Fill in the two missing commas in the sentences.

Winter was hiding in the dense forest. She looked out of her hiding place and saw millions of little suns hiding in the grass. Winter is angry! She waved her sleeve and dusted the cheerful lights with snow. Dandelions now flaunt in a yellow dress and then in a white fur coat. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Find a sentence with a conjunction And. What does it connect - homogeneous members or parts of a complex sentence? Underline the words needed to answer.

• Write down the conjunctions and, a, but. Underline the basics, mark homogeneous terms and put commas where necessary.

The ball climbed into the water, Uncle Fyodor soaped it, combed its fur. The cat walked along the shore and was sad about different oceans. (According to E. Uspensky)

The cat stole fish, meat, sour cream, bread. One day he opened a tin can of worms. He didn’t eat them - the chickens came running to the can of worms - they pecked at our stock. (According to K. Paustovsky)

The sentence is one of the basic concepts of the Russian language; syntax is the study of it. It is no secret that people communicate with each other precisely in these units. Logically complete sentences are the basis of oral and written speech. There are a lot of varieties of this syntactic unit; detailed constructions give special dynamism and at the same time richness to the narrative. A task consisting of several parts is not uncommon in oral and written exams. The main thing in this matter is to know the types of complex sentences and punctuation marks in them.

Complex sentence: definition and types

A sentence, as the basic structural unit of human speech, has a number of specific features by which it can be distinguished from a phrase or simply a set of words. Every sentence contains a statement. This could be a matter of fact, a question, or a call to action. A sentence must have a grammatical basis. These lexical units are always intonationally complete.

Sentences are divided into two large groups: simple and complex. is built according to the number of predicative stems. For example:

1. It snowed in the morning. The sentence is simple with one grammatical basis: snow (subject) fell (predicate).
2. In the morning snow fell, and the whole earth seemed to be covered with a fluffy blanket. In this example we see a complex sentence. The first grammatical basis is snow (subject), fell (predicate); the second is the earth (subject), covered (predicate).

Types of complex sentences are distinguished depending on how their constituent parts are combined. They can be complex, complex or non-union. Let's look at these types of complex sentences with examples.

Complex sentence

Used to connect parts of a complex sentence. It is worth noting that the parts in such a sentence are equal: the question is not asked from one to the other.

Examples

The clock struck three in the morning, but the household did not sleep. This is a complex sentence, its parts are connected by the coordinating conjunction “but” and using intonation. Grammar basics: the clock (subject) struck (predicate); second - the household (subject) did not sleep (predicate).

The night was approaching and the stars were becoming brighter. There are two grammatical bases here: night (subject) was approaching (predicate); the second - the stars (subject) became brighter (predicate). Simple sentences are connected using the coordinating conjunction and, as well as intonation.

Conjunctions in a compound sentence

Since coordinating conjunctions are used to connect sentences within a compound, these syntactic units will be divided into:

1. Sentences with connecting conjunctions (and, yes, yes and, a (and), too, also). Typically, these conjunctions are used to denote events in time (simultaneity or sequence). Often they are accompanied by circumstances that indicate time. For example:

The cloud grew as big as the sky, and after a few minutes it started pouring rain. The connecting union is strengthened by the circumstance of time (in a few minutes).

2. Sentences with (a, but, yes, but, etc.). In them, two events are contrasted with one another. For example:

This year we did not go to the sea, but my parents were pleased with the help in the garden.

In addition, in such sentences the function of an adversative conjunction can be taken on by a particle.

For example: We managed to jump into the last carriage, but Andrei remained on the platform.

3. Sentences with disjunctive conjunctions (either, or, that, etc.) Show that one of the listed events or phenomena is possible. For example:

Either the magpie is chirping, or the grasshoppers are clicking.

Punctuation marks in complex sentences

The rule of punctuation in a complex sentence is as follows: a comma is placed between simple sentences. For example:

The leaves on the trees barely hang on, and gusts of wind carry them away, laying them out like a carpet. The grammatical basics of a complex sentence are as follows: leaves (subject) hold (predicate); impulses (subject) carry away (predicate).

This rule has one nuance: when both parts refer to a common member (addition or circumstance), a comma is not needed. For example:

In the summer, people need movement and don't need the blues. The adverbial at the time refers both to the first part with the grammatical basis need (predicate) movement (subject), and to the second part, the basis of which is blues (subject) not needed (predicate).

The earth was covered with a snow-white blanket of snow and dried out by frost. Here both parts have a common addition - land. The grammatical basics are as follows: first - snow (subject) enveloped (predicate); the second - frost (subject) dried (predicate).

It is also difficult to distinguish complex sentences from simple ones with homogeneous predicates. To determine which sentences are complex, it is enough to identify the predicative stem (or stems). Let's look at two examples:

1. It was a sunny winter day, and in some places red rowan berries could be seen in the forest. This sentence is complex. Let's prove this: two grammatical bases can be traced: the day (subject) stood (predicate), the second - berries (subject) were visible (predicate).
2. Red rowan berries were visible in the forest and sparkled in the sun in bright clusters. This sentence is simple, it is only complicated by homogeneous predicates. Let's look at the grammatical basis. The subject - berries, homogeneous predicates - were visible, shining; no comma required.

Complex sentence: definition and structure

Another complex sentence with a conjunction is a complex sentence. Such sentences consist of unequal parts: the main simple sentence and one or more subordinate clauses attached to it. The latter answer questions from the main and minor members of the main sentence; they contain a subordinating conjunction. The parts are connected to each other using subordinating conjunctions. Structurally, subordinate clauses are possible at the beginning, middle or end of the main clause. Let's look at examples:

We will go for a walk when the rain stops. This sentence is complex. The main part has a grammatical basis: we (subject) will go for a walk (predicate); grammatical basis of the subordinate clause - the rain (subject) will stop falling. Here the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.

To be able to express yourself eloquently, you need to read a lot of literature. This complex sentence consists of a main and subordinate clause. The basis of the main thing is to read (predicate); the basis of the subordinate clause - you (subject) could express yourself (predicate). In this complex sentence, the subordinate clause comes before the main clause.

We were surprised when the exam results were announced to us, and anxious about the upcoming tests. In this example, the subordinate clause “breaks” the main clause. Grammar basics: we (subject) were surprised, alarmed (predicate) - in the main part; announced (predicate) - in the subordinate clause.

Subordinating conjunctions and allied words: how to distinguish?

Conjunctions are not always used to connect simple sentences as part of a complex sentence; sometimes their role is played by so-called allied words - pronouns homonymous to them. The main difference is that conjunctions are used solely to join parts of a sentence to each other, they are not parts of a sentence.

Another thing is allied words.

Their role is played by relative pronouns; accordingly, such lexical units will be members of the sentence.

Here are the signs by which you can distinguish subordinating conjunctions from allied words:

1. Most often, the conjunction in a sentence can be omitted without losing its meaning. Mom said it was time to go to bed. Let’s change the sentence by omitting the conjunction: Mom said: “It’s time to go to bed.”
2. A union can always be replaced by another union. For example: When (If) you read a lot, your memory becomes better. is replaced only by another allied word, or a word from the main sentence, from which we ask a question to the subordinate clause. Let us remember the years that (that) we spent in Naples. Union word which can be replaced with an addition years from the main sentence ( Remember the years: we spent those years in Naples).

Subordinate clause

Subordinate clauses can be attached to the main clause in different ways, depending on what part of the main clause they explain. They can refer to one word, a phrase, or the entire main sentence.

To understand what type of adjunction is in a particular case, it is necessary to ask a question and analyze from which part of the main sentence it is posed.

There are several types of subordinate clauses: their differentiation depends on the meaning and the question that we ask from the main part to the secondary one. Subject, predicate, attributive, additional or adverbial - such subordinate clauses exist.

In addition, lexically, a subordinate clause can have several meanings (be polysemous). For example: It's wonderful when you can just walk down the street without thinking about anything. The meaning of the subordinate clause is both condition and time.

Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

The following types of complex sentences with a subordinating connection and several subordinate clauses are distinguished: with homogeneous, heterogeneous and sequential subordination. The distinction depends on how the question is asked.

• With homogeneous subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to the same word from the main word. For example: I want to tell you that good conquers evil, that princes and princesses exist, that magic surrounds us everywhere. All three subordinate clauses explain one word from the main word - tell.
• Heterogeneous (parallel) subordination occurs if subordinate clauses answer different questions. For example: When we go on a hike, friends will help each other, although it will not be easy for them themselves. Here two subordinate clauses answer the questions When?(first), and no matter what?(second).
• Consistent submission. The question in such sentences is asked in a chain, from one sentence to another. For example: Only he who sees the beauty of the soul who does not look at appearance knows that the price of words and actions is very high. Subordinate clauses are added to the main sentence: we ask a question to the first Who?, to the second - What?

Punctuation in complex sentences

Parts of a complex sentence are separated from each other by a comma. It is placed before the union. Polynomial complex sentences with a subordinating connection may not have a comma. This happens if homogeneous subordinate clauses are used, connected by non-repeating conjunctions and, or. For example:

I said that it was a beautiful day and that the sun had already risen for a long time. Here there are homogeneous subordinate clauses with the stems day (subject) beautiful (predicate), the sun (subject) has risen (predicate). There is no need for a comma between them.

Non-union proposal

In the Russian language there are sentences where the connection between parts occurs only with the help of intonation and semantic connections. Such proposals are called non-union proposals. It rained and the last leaves fell from the trees. This complex non-union sentence has two parts with grammatical basics: the first - the rain (subject) has passed (predicate); in the second, the leaves (predicate) have fallen (subject).

In addition to intonation and meaning, the connection between the parts is carried out by their order and tense characteristics of the predicate verbs and their mood. Here two subordinate clauses answer the questions When?(first), and no matter what?(second).

Types of non-union proposals

There are two types of non-union proposals: homogeneous and heterogeneous composition.

The first are those where the predicates, as a rule, have the same form; their meaning is comparison, opposition or sequence of actions. In structure, they resemble compound compounds, but the unionless homogeneous ones simply have the conjunction omitted. For example:

Autumn has begun, the sky is covered with lead clouds. Let's compare: Autumn has begun, and the sky is covered with lead clouds.

Non-union members with a heterogeneous composition gravitate more towards complex subordinates. As a rule, such polynomial complex sentences have one part, which contains the main meaning of the statement. For example:

I love winter: nature dresses beautifully, magical holidays are coming, it’s time to get out the skis and skates. In the presence of a non-union connection and equality of parts, the main meaning is still contained in the first, and the subsequent ones reveal it.

Punctuation in a non-conjunction sentence

A non-union connection assumes that the signs in a complex sentence of this kind will be variable. The placement of a comma, colon, semicolon or dash will depend on the meaning. For clarity, here is a table:

punctuation mark	Verification method	Examples
	Denote actions occurring simultaneously or sequentially	Within the meaning of	Grandma sets the table, mom prepares dinner, and dad and the children tidy up the apartment.
	Opposition	Opposite conjunctions (a, but)	I endure - she is indignant.
	The first sentence states the condition or time period	Unions When or If
	The second sentence contains a corollary to the first	Union So	The doors were opened and fresh air filled the entire room.
Colon	The second sentence contains the reason	Union because	I love white nights: you can walk until you drop.
	The second sentence is an explanation of the first	Union namely	Everyone was ready for Parents' Day: the children learned poems, the counselors made reports, the staff did some general cleaning.
	The second sentence is a complement to the first	Union What	I am sure that you will never betray me.

When one of the parts is complicated by any structures, we use a semicolon. For example:

Humming a song, Marat walked through the puddles; Children were running nearby, joyful and cheerful. Here the first part is complicated and the second - a separate definition.

It’s easy to create a sentence with a non-union connection: the main thing is to focus on the meaning.

Complex sentences with different types of communication and punctuation in them

Often the types of complex sentences are concentrated in one syntactic structure, that is, there is both a conjunction and a non-conjunction between different parts. These are complex sentences with different types of connections.

Let's look at examples.

Although he was still dozing, there was a flurry of activity from the household around him: they darted from room to room, talking, cursing. The first part is a subordinating connection, the second is a coordinating connection, the third is a non-union connection.

I know a simple truth: you will stop quarreling when everyone learns to listen and understand. The connection between the first and second parts is non-union, then subordinate.

As a rule, such sentences represent two blocks that are connected by coordinating conjunctions or without any conjunction at all. Each block may contain several simple sentences with subordinating or coordinating connections.

A sentence is a word or combination of words. The words in it are grammatically organized. A sentence is distinguished from phrases by its semantic and intonation completeness. In Russian, sentences are divided into two main categories: simple and complex. Sometimes a case of convergence of these categories is identified: the so-called “transitional type”. The main difference is their structure.

Structure

The primary feature by which simple sentences are distinguished from complex ones is the number of predicative units. The predicative unit or core of a sentence is its basis, that is, a combination of subject and predicate.

For example, “Mom cooks semolina porridge for breakfast.” The subject “mother” and the predicate “cooks” constitute the predicative unit of this sentence.

Sometimes, if the sentence is one-part, the predicative base can be represented only by the predicate or only by the subject.
For example, “They’re going!” The predicative basis “are going” is represented by one predicate, the logical subject is assumed, but is absent in the sentence itself.

In a simple sentence, one predicative nucleus is distinguished. In complex - two or more. Thus, “They’re going!” and “Mom cooks semolina kazhu for breakfast” - the sentences are simple.

An example of a complex sentence: “For breakfast, mom cooks semolina porridge because the kids love it the most.” In this example there are two predicative stems: “mother cooks” and “children love.”

Compound

Another sign of the difference between a simple and complex sentence is its composition. To some extent, this parameter echoes the previous one.

A simple sentence consists of words and phrases. And a complex one is made up of simple sentences, that is, it can be divided into several sentences, which together will give the same meaning as one complex one.

For example, the simple sentence “Vitya eats strawberry-flavored ice cream” consists of the following words and phrases: “Vitya”, “eats ice cream”, “creamy ice cream”, “strawberry-flavoured ice cream”.

An example of a complex one: “Vitya eats regular ice cream because he is allergic to food additives.” You can break this sentence down into simple ones, without losing the meaning: “Vitya is allergic to food additives. He eats regular ice cream."

Connection

A distinctive feature of complex sentences is the type of connection between simple sentences within a complex sentence. Simple sentences can be connected by coordinating conjunctions or simply a coordinating connection: “Petya drank pomegranate juice, and Vanya ate bananas.” Or “Petya drank pomegranate juice, Vanya ate bananas.”

The relationship can be subordinate. Then in a complex sentence, simple ones will be connected by subordinating conjunctions, and one of them will be the main one, and the rest will be subordinate conjunctions. For example, “Petya drank the pomegranate juice that Vanya bought for his friend.”
There cannot be such connections in simple sentences.

Transitional types of sentences

Sometimes a simple and a complex sentence, although they have their own characteristics, can come together. For example, “Petya drank the pomegranate juice that Vanya bought for his friend” and “Vanya bought pomegranate juice to treat his friend.” In the first case, this is a complex sentence, and in the second, it is a simple one, complicated by an infinitive phrase with a conjunction, which in the sentence is not part of the complex, but a circumstance of the goal in the simple.

Procedure

Taking into account the described differences, we can provide step-by-step instructions for working with these types of proposals. To determine a complex sentence or a simple one, you need to follow the following algorithm:

1. Determine the predicative unit or units.
2. Count how many there are. If there are two or more, then we are faced with a definitely complex proposal.
3. Check whether the given sentence can be decomposed into components.
4. Find out what these components are: words and phrases or simple sentences.
5. If the likelihood of a complex sentence is high, note the presence of a coordinating or subordinating relationship between the components of the complex sentence.
6. Check whether this sentence is an example of a case of convergence of simple and complex sentences, whether it looks like a simple one, complicated by a turnover.

Instructions

Learn the definitions of simple and complex sentences. Reinforce this knowledge with specific examples. The rules must provide options for such proposals, and you should read them very carefully.

Distinguish between simple and complex sentences based on the presence of one or more grammatical stems. Highlight it in a sentence: find the subject and predicate. If you have identified only one grammatical basis, then you have a simple sentence. Otherwise, the sentence being parsed is complex.

Such sentences may have several grammatical bases. Most often, these are simple sentences related to each other in meaning, and the first of them does not have intonation completeness. Simple constructions within a complex sentence are separated by conjunctions. In the absence of connecting conjunctions, the sentence is a complex non-conjunction.

Distinguish a simple sentence from a complex one by performing its syntactic analysis. Mark the main and minor members, pay special attention to homogeneous and predicates. If, during analysis, you find out that they are present in the sentence, and not the second base, then feel free to say that this is a simple sentence. Most often, predicate conjunctions “and”, “a”, “but” are also used.

Learn the rules of punctuation in simple sentences with homogeneous members. Pay special attention to the conjunctions “and”, “a”, “but”. Knowing these rules, you can easily distinguish homogeneous members of a simple sentence from the constituent parts of a complex one.

Pay attention to sentences containing connecting conjunctions. To accurately distinguish the conjunction “and” in simple and complex sentences, practice by analyzing the composition of simple sentences with homogeneous members.

Read more fiction, paying attention to sentences like these. Practice as often as possible.

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Helpful advice

If a sentence is divided in meaning into two or more complete parts, then it is complex.

Simple sentences represent the basis of syntax; they are distinguished by the presence of only one connection between the subject and the predicate or can consist of only one main member. What are simple sentences for, and how are they used in speech?

Simple sentences are most often used in a scientific or official business style, as they allow for accuracy, emphasized logic, and an abstract, generalized character. Such sentences are also often found in colloquial speech, giving it liveliness, expressiveness, and expressiveness.

Simple sentences with a subject and predicate are so common that it is difficult to describe all the areas of their application. Depending on the stylistic coloring, they are used in different styles of speech and perform different functions, from informative to descriptive.

One-part simple sentences according to their purpose and application. For example, definitely-personal words give dynamism and laconicism to speech due to incompleteness (absence of a subject). “I love you, Petra’s creation”, “We expect a good effect”, “I recognize you everywhere.” In such sentences, the reader’s attention is focused on the action, thanks to this expression appears, the reader is involved in solving the problem.

Vaguely personal simple sentences are more often used in colloquial or artistic speech to give lively intonations: “They are bringing his horse,” “They are knocking!” The neutrality of these allows them to be used in a scientific style, for example, “Iron is obtained by reduction from oxides.”

Generalized personal sentences are very often found among aphorisms, proverbs and sayings due to their high expression: “You can’t order your heart,” “If you rush, you make people laugh,” “Naked sheep are not sheared.” It is precisely because of their strong expressiveness that such designs are rarely used in a scientific or official style.

Impersonal sentences are distinguished by a wide variety of applications; they can be used in colloquial speech (“It hurts,” “I’m hungry,” “Not a soul”), and in works of art (“Being your joyful sister was bequeathed to me by a long-standing fate”), and in business papers (“It is prohibited to issue books...”), and in journalism (“The construction organization is to build...”).

Infinitive sentences are great for expressing emotions or aphorisms; they are often used in proverbs and artistic speech (“You can’t escape fate,” “Keep it up!”, “Be a bull on a string”).

Nominative sentences have great abilities for descriptions and images. With their help, the authors create a setting, pictures of nature, and evaluate the world: “The cold gold of the moon,” “Night. Street. Flashlight. Pharmacy".

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